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History—Russia (1906-1920)
Russian history at the end of WWI and even back to Tzar Alexander’s freeing of the serfs in the 1870s was affected by extreme stratification of society along with the ineffectiveness of Tzar Nicholas II who cracked down on protestors and instigated violent pogroms against the Jews who were isolated into an area of Ukraine called The Pale. Ending WWI lead to the abdication of the Tzar and a vicious civil war between groups who were loyal to different political philosophies: Menshevik, Bolshevik and White Russian.
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- Category: History—Russia (1906-1920)
Russia was an empire run by a particularly ill-equipped ruler who could not recognize that his style of autocratic government had run its course. Throughout the turn of the 20th Century and up to his abdication and murder, he used violence to maintain power over a restive growing middle class, poverty-stricken worker class and millions of peasants; all of whom had no say in how the country and empire was run. There were growing cracks in Nicholas II's rule such as the two aborted revolutions of 1917 brought on by the hated participation in WWI. Nicholas grudgingly agreed to provide a voice for some of the people through the formation of a parliament called The Duma, but it truly had no power. On October 7, 1918, Nicholas was overthrown and a separate peace was made with Germany. That was not the end of the internal struggles as a motley group of monarchists, republicans, autocrats and mercenaries called "White Russians" fought back against the Bolshevik and Menshevik Communists in a civil war that also saw the participation of thousands of Japanese soldiers out for a land grab in the far east as well as American, British and Canadian soldiers seeking to protect munitions abandoned when the Bolsheviks made a separate peace.
Our Russian protagonist, Leah Levy, had been radicalized in the St. Petersburg (Petrograd) factories and we follow her through the three Russian Revolutions and the assassination of the Tzar and his family as well as the Civil War.
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- Category: History—Russia (1906-1920)
Russia convulsed and its revolutions and violence reverberated throughout the world before and during WWI
Between the wars, Stalin rose to power and famine and death raged as he purged the Soviet Union of old-time Bolsheviks.
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Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin (Russian: Пётр Арка́дьевич Столы́пин, IPA: 14 April [O.S. 2 April] 1862 – 18 September [O.S. 5 September] 1911) was the 3rd Prime Minister of Russia, and Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire from 1906 to 1911. His tenure was marked by efforts to counter-revolutionary groups and by the implementation of noteworthy agrarian reforms. Stolypin was a monarchist and hoped to strengthen the throne. He is considered one of the last major statesmen of Imperial Russia with clearly defined public policies and with the determination to undertake major reforms.[1]
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The Kronstadt rebellion or Kronstadt mutiny (Russian: Кронштадтское восстание, tr. Kronshtadtskoye vosstaniye) was a major unsuccessful uprising against the Bolsheviks in March 1921, during the later years of the Russian Civil War. Led by Stepan Petrichenko[1] and consisting of Russian sailors, soldiers, and civilians, the rebellion was one of the reasons for Vladimir Lenin's and the Communist Party's decision to loosen its control of the Russian economy by implementing the New Economic Policy (NEP).[2][3]
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- Category: History—Russia (1906-1920)
Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak KB (Russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к; 16 November [O.S. 4 November] 1874 – 7 February 1920) was an Imperial Russian admiral, military leader and polar explorer who served in the Imperial Russian Navy, who fought in the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War. During the Russian Civil War, he established an anti-communist government in Siberia—later the Provisional All-Russian Government—and was recognised as the "Supreme Leader and Commander-in-Chief of All Russian Land and Sea Forces" by the other leaders of the White movement from 1918 to 1920.[1] His government was based in Omsk, in southwestern Siberia.
